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Must a Jew Believe Anything? Second Edition with a New Afterword
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About the Author
Menachem Kellner is Professor of Jewish Thought at the University of Haifa. He is the author of Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought and Maimonides' Confrontation with Mysticism and translator of Isaac Abravanel's Principles of Faith, all published by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. Heis also the author of Maimonides on Human Perfection, Maimonides on Judaism and the Jewish People, and Maimonides on the 'Decline of the Generations' and the Nature of Rabbinic Authority. His translations of Gersonides' Commentary on Song of Songs and Maimonides' Book of Love appeared in the YaleJudaica Series. Professor Kellner's critical editions of the original texts of Abravanel's Principles of Faith and of Gersonides' Commentary on Song of Songs were published in Hebrew.
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Product details
Paperback: 214 pages
Publisher: Littman Library Of Jewish Civilization; 2 edition (January 26, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1904113389
ISBN-13: 978-1904113386
Product Dimensions:
9.2 x 0.7 x 6.1 inches
Shipping Weight: 7.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.1 out of 5 stars
8 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#812,981 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
This book is essentially a commentary on the "Thirteen Principles of Faith" discussed by Rambam (aka Maimonides, Moshe ben Maimon). Rambam asserts that any disbeliever in these principles is "a sectarian . . . one is required to hate him and to destroy him." Later commentators generally accepted the majority of the principles as normative Jewish theology, but gutted or narrowed the "hate and destroy" language (as did Rambam himself in later writings, as Kellner points out).Kellner usefully quotes Rambam's "Thirteen Principles" discussion in his book, and tries to explain Rambam's logic. He doesn't really explain the logic behind each principle very convincingly; to do so would require a longer book with more quotes. I think I would understand Rambam better (and thus understand Kellner's discussion of Rambam better) if Kellner had done so.But Kellner does explain in a general way why Rambam believed that failure to know of the principles was so harmful. First, Rambam relied on a vague passage in Habbakuk about the righteous "living by their faith" to support his view that incorrect views deprived one of "life" in the world to come. Second, Rambam interpreted a passage on the Talmud about the world to come (a passage which refers to the righteous "enjoying the radiance of the divine presence") as meaning that they "enjoy what they know of the Creator". It followed (according to Kellner's interpretation of Rambam) that people without philosophical knowledge had no share in the world to come - and thus that one who did not know of these principles had no life after death. (Kellner is fair-minded enough to note that other works of Rambam appear to adopt a more traditional interpretation of the afterlife). Third, Rambam believes that philosophical knowledge is what separates us from lower animals; thus, one without philosophical knowledge is in some sense not fully human.And given Rambam's emphasis on knowledge, Kellner asserts that Rambam demands actual philosophical inquiry into, and understanding of, his principles, rather than simple "belief."I think I understand why Rambam thought that holders of incorrect views were excluded from the world to come; however, it is not clear to me from Kellner's analysis why these errors were sufficiently noxious to justify stigmatizing errant Jews as "sectarians" during their lifetime. (Nor is it clear to me whether my lack of understanding is my fault, Kellner's, or Rambam's!)Kellner goes on to assert that the "Thirteen Principles" should not be considered halachically binding, since their philosophical foundations (e.g. that well-founded "knowledge" rather than mere belief is required for salvation) were not accepted by earlier tradition, by later Jews, or even in all of Rambam's works. Thus, Jews who fail to accept these principles should not be stigmatized as "heretics" based on Rambam's works.Kellner does not, however, believe that belief is completely irrelevant to determining who belongs inside the Jewish community; he does not believe there is a simple "bright line" test (though he would clearly exclude Jews for Jesus).Regardless of the merits of this book, it certainly inspired me to read other works (such as the critical book review mentioned in another review of this book).
Life is short. Art is long. Philosophy is hard. If I have mixed my metaphors it is because my brain is tired.
In Must a Jew Believe Anything, author and professor Menachem Kellner discusses Maimonides' innovation of the "13 principles of faith" and the resulting introduction of dogma into Judaism during medieval times. Was there ever dogma within Judaism? Kellner states that there wasn't - although true beliefs are found within the Torah - there are no commandments requiring a person to believe a certain way. Thus, Judaism is more concerned with behavior, not what a person believes. Through Maimonides' introduction of dogma, the delineation between "who's in" and "who's out" (of the world to come) is made, and those who do not believe (whether deliberately or inadvertently) in any of the first five principles are to be considered heretics (and do not have a share in the world to come), while those who err inadvertently through unbelief (E.g. the *descendants* of Karaites) in the last eight principles are only outside the pale of the Jewish community.Given Maimonides' position and influence (and the popularity of the 13 principles) Kellner discusses the impact Maimonides has made on the Orthodox world today - specifically in relation to non-Orthodox (I.e. Conservative, Reform and other streams of Judaism) and non-religious or secular Jews - and how prominent rabbis interpret and apply Maimonides' words to those outside their communities. After reviewing contemporary responses, Kellner provides his own perspective of how we should approach those outside the Orthodox community (which if you want to know, should read this fascinating book).Overall, Must a Jew Believe Anything, is a fascinating look at the topic of the 13 principles, dogma, and the effect Maimonides' perspective has had on contemporary Orthodox Jewry. Highly recommended!
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